When a keyword is found, it is replaced by some text. The macro processor waits for the word scanner to tokenize the generated. A macro consists of a name, a set of formal parameters and a body of code. A micro controller is defined as a lowcost, small microcomputer. The processor significantly impacts overall computing. The microprocessor, also known as the central processing unit cpu, is the brain of all computers and many household and electronic devices. The macro processor replaces each macro instruction with the corresponding group of source language statements. Feb 21, 2018 twopass macro processor like an assembler or a loader, we can design a twopass macro processor in which. A generalpurpose macro processor or general purpose preprocessor is a macro processor that is not tied to or integrated with a particular language or piece of software a macro processor is a program that copies a stream of text from one place to another, making a systematic set. Overview2 macro vs subroutine macro section of code that the programmer writes.
Systems programming multiple choice questions and answers. The microprocessor chips are available at low prices and results its low cost. Microprocessor is a simple central processing unit cpu on a single chip remember the word single chip. Risc microprocessor architecture uses highlyoptimized set of instructions. Its data bus width is 8bit and address bus width is 16bit, thus it can address 216 64 kb of memory. If an else is found, the macro processor then skips lines in deftab until the next endif. A generalpurpose macro processor or general purpose preprocessor is a macro processor that is not tied to or integrated with a particular language or piece of software a macro processor is a program that copies a stream of text from one place to another, making a systematic set of replacements as it does so. Characteristics of risc the major characteristics of a risc processor are as follows.
The processor also central processing unit cpu, interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. The first microprocessor was the intel 4004, introduced in. What is the differences between a micro controller and microprocessor. A 16bit binary number is called a word in a 16bit processor. Macros and macro processors free download as powerpoint presentation. Difference between microcontroller and microprocessor. The assembler replaces the macro name with the text specified in the macro definition. Macro processor designs are not directly related to the computer architecture on which it runs. The arrangement eliminates the undesirable latency associated with fetching program as part of a return sequence from a macro rom instruction. However, such a macro processor cannot allow the body of one macro instruction to contain definitions of other macros. The use of a macro name with a set of actual parameters is replaced by some code generated. The term microprocessor and microcontroller have always been confused with each other.
Apr 03, 2012 the blog talks about variety of topics on embedded system, 8085 microprocessor, 8051 microcontroller, arm architecture, c2000 architecture, c28x, avr and many many more. Intel 8086 microprocessor architecture, features, and signals. A microprocessor is a component that performs the instructions and tasks involved in computer processing. Onepass macro processor a onepass macro processor that alternate between macro definition and macro expansion in a recursive way is able to handle recursive macro definition. The differences between micro processors and micro controllers are. The macro definition table mbt, used to store the body of the macro definitions. The macro processor places the text on top of the input stack and waits for the word scanner to begin tokenization. The difference between microprocessors and application. Macro processors are often embedded in other programs, such as assemblers and compilers. It is a small computer that is designed in a singular integrated circuit. Microprocessormicrocontroller the first microprocessor to make it into a home computer was the intel 8080, a complete 8bit computer on one chip. Many programming language provide built in facilities for writing macros.
The macro processor executes the compiled %do instructin and recognizes that the next item is text. Because of the processor core used in an mcu, as well as the embedded flash and considering the software used that is either an rtos or bare metal c, the mcu will definitely take. The macro containing the nested call is called outer macro. A macro processor is a program that reads a file or files and scans them for certain keywords. A macro prototype statement one or more model statements macro preprocessor statements the macro prototype statement declares the name of a macro and the names and kinds of its parameters. The word comes from the combination micro and processor. How does a programmer decide to use macro calls or procedure calls. Lecture note on microprocessor and microcontroller theory. Macros in microprocessor difference between procedure. What is the difference between macros and processors. Macro processor overview basic functions features machine independent design. Here you will need to provide assembly program containing macro as input in macin. A hardcore processor is a processor thats actually physically implemented as a structure in the silicon. Another key aspect driving the difference between microprocessor and microcontroller selection is the need for a realtimedeterministic behaviour of the application.
A model statement in macro may constitute a call on another macro, such calls are known as nested macro calls. This tutorial discusses when to use a micro processor vs. Macro definitions are typically located at the start of a program. The name is entered into macro name table along with a pointer to the first location of mdt entry of. Difference between microprocessor and microcontroller.
Macros can be defined by macro and endm assembler directives. In contrast, mobile application processors are more typically systems on a chip soc that incorporate the ip of one or more processor cores along with other ancillary functions. Microcomputer a computer with a microprocessor as its cpu. Jan 01, 2018 macro, example program for macro in assembly language in urdu hindi macro in assembly in hindi, example of macro in assembly language in hindi, assembly language macro, difference between macro. One big difference between a microprocessor and an application processor is their physical packaging. For every occurrence of macro the whole macro body or macro block of statements gets expanded in the main source code. For the sake of illustration, the compiled app macro looks. Basically, you can add a softcore processor to a fpgabased system after its already designed. All macro invocation statements are expanded hthowever, a twopass macro processor would tld not. Both of them have been designed for real time application.
The word scanner reads the generated text from the input stack, and tokenizes it. The macro name table mnt, used to store the names of defined macros. Chapter 4 macro processors z a macro represents a commonly used group of statements in the source programming language. Macros and macro processors macro computer science. A processor with longer word length is more powerful and can process data at a faster speed as compared to processor with shorter word length. It determines the number of operations per second the processor can perform. Restriction the definition of a macro must appear in the source program before any statements that invoke that macro. Jun 06, 2011 macro processor is a program that lets you define the code that is reused many times giving it a specific macro name and reuse the code by just writing the macro name only. In a computer system, the microprocessor is the central unit that executes and manages the logical instructions passed to it. In this context processor means a device that processes numbers, specifically binary numbers, 0s and 1s. A bus is a group of wireslines that carry similar information. Thus macro instructions makes writing code more convenient.
Macro processor algorithm andmacro processor algorithm and data structuresdata structures it is easy to design a twopass macro processor pass 1. What is the difference between microprocessors and. It includes arithmetic logic unit alu, control unit cu, registers, instruction decoders, bus control circuit etc. Macros in microprocessor difference between procedure and macro. Macro are used to provide a program generation facility through macro expansion. Difference between processor and microprocessor is that computer and chip manufacturers use the term microprocessor to refer to a personal computer processor chip. In the stone age days of computers a mainframes cpus occupied multiple cabinets. Many microprocessors are standard ics with a standard part number. Whats the difference between a microprocessor and a cpu. Twopass macro processor would not allow the body of one macro instruction to contain definitions of other macros.
They share many common features and at the same time they have significant differences. It is a general term that describes all manipulation. In general, a macro is an instruction, a statement, or an expression that is. The microprocessor has multiple data type formats like binary, bcd, ascii, signed and unsigned numbers. Later a minicomputers cpu occupied one or a few pcbs. A word refers to the basic data size or bit size that can be processed by the arithmetic and logic unit of the processor. The blog talks about variety of topics on embedded system, 8085 microprocessor, 8051 microcontroller, arm architecture, c2000 architecture, c28x, avr and many many more. In this example, the macro definition is compiled and stored successfully. The following are the data bases used by the two passes of the macro processor. The processor uses up 15,300 transistors and 8,500 leds, while the ram has 27,000 transistors and 2,048 leds.
The word length ranges from 4 bits for small microprocessor, to 64 bits for highend microcomputers. During macro compilation, the macro processor does the following. Basic concepts of microprocessors differences between. Lecture note on microprocessor and microcontroller theory and. These microprocessors dont have ram, rom, and other peripheral on the chip. The macros in microprocessor assembler generates the code in the program each time where the macro is called. Cell is a multicore microprocessor microarchitecture that combines a generalpurpose powerpc core of modest performance with streamlined coprocessing elements which greatly accelerate multimedia and vector processing applications, as well as many other forms of dedicated computation it was developed by sony, toshiba, and ibm, an alliance known as sti. Dec 06, 2011 algorithm pass1 of macro processor makes a linebyline scan over its input. It is used in portable devices like apple ipod due to its power efficiency. A macro is a unit of specification for program generation through expansion. A system designer has to add them externally to make them.
However, adding a hardcore processor requires either a different fpga, or an additional chip on the board. System software an introduction to systems programming, 3rd ed. A macro instruction is the notational convenience for the programmer. Basic macro processor functions macro invocation oft f d toften referred to as a macro call need the name of the macro instruction begin invoked and the arguments to be used in expanding the macro expanded program figure 4. Macro processor is a program that lets you define the code that is reused many times giving it a specific macro name and reuse the code by just writing the macro name only. Multiple choice questions on systems programming topic macro processor. Multiple microprocessors, working together, are the hearts of datacenters, supercomputers, communications products, and other digital devices.
An 8bit microprocessor can process 8 bit data at a time. Algorithm pass1 of macro processor makes a linebyline scan over its input. Pdf the fhdl florida hardware design language macro processor. Twopass macro processor like an assembler or a loader, we can design a twopass macro processor in which. The difference between microprocessors and application processors. Use of semantic expansion can enable the instruction sequence to be adapted to the types of a and b. If it is a macro pseudoop, the entire macro definition except this macro line is stored in mdt. Microprocessor is an ic which has only the cpu inside them i. Text items are underlined in the illustrations in this section.
The microprocessor you are using might be a pentium, a k6, a powerpc, a sparc or any of the many other brands and types of microprocessors, but they all do approximately the same thing in approximately. The next step was to integrate a cpu on a single chip. However, adding a hardcore processor requires either a different fpga, or an. A microprocessor is defined as the unit that controls a microcomputer. The microprocessor is the heart of any normal computer, whether it is a desktop machine, a server or a laptop. The macro processor encounters the compiled %if instruction and recognizes that the next item will be text containing a condition. It is the set of instructions that the microprocessor can understand. Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller. Cell is a multicore microprocessor microarchitecture that combines a generalpurpose powerpc core of modest performance with streamlined coprocessing elements which greatly accelerate multimedia and vector processing applications, as well as many other forms of dedicated computation. Apr 10, 2016 a macro processor is a program that copies a stream of text from one place to another, making a systematic set of replacements as it does so. A directory of objective type questions covering all the computer science subjects.
Using macro instructions programmer can leave the mechanical details to be handled by the macro processor. If true, the macro processor continues to process lines from deftab until it encounters the next else or endif statement. The output macro source deck copy for use by pass 2 3. Expansion of nested macro calls follows the lastinfirstoutlifo rule. Macro processor replace each macro instruction with the corresponding group of source language statements. However, the macro processor does not store the macro for execution. Twopass macro processor o twopass macro processor n pass1. Using lexical expansion the macro call incr a,b,areg can lead to the generation of a moveaddmove instruction sequence to increment a by the value of b using areg to perform the arithmetic. A microprocessor with a macrorom exhibits reduced latency time and greater flexibility by including both a macrorom queue and a main program queue. The arrangement eliminates the undesirable latency associated with fetching program as part of a return sequence from a macrorom instruction. A macro processor is not directly related to the archit t f th t hi h it i thitecture of the computer on which it is to run macro processors can also be used with highlevel programming languages, os command languages, etc. Features of a microprocessor here is a list of some of the most prominent features of any microprocessor.
Oct 30, 2016 this tutorial discusses when to use a micro processor vs. A macro processor enables you to define and to use macros in your assembly programs. Basic macro processor functions aprogram with aih expanded program macro. A macro processor is a program that copies a stream of text from one place to another, making a systematic set of replacements as it does so. A microprocessor may also be called a processor or central processing unit, but it is actually. Generally it doesnt come as a separate program but as a bundle to either assembler or compiler. Write the macro processor in a programming language that allows recursive calls. It is the number of bits processed in a single instruction. Practice these mcq questions and answers for preparation of various competitive and entrance exams.
Higher version of processor family also provide such facility. All macro invocation statements are expanded during the second pass. When you define a macro, you provide text usually assembly code that you want to associate with a macro name. Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller himadri barman a microprocessor abbreviated as p or up is a computer electronic component made from miniaturized transistors and other circuit elements on a single semiconductor integrated circuit ic microchip or just chip. Creating macro is very similar to creating a new opcode that can be used in the program. A microprocessor with a macro rom exhibits reduced latency time and greater flexibility by including both a macro rom queue and a main program queue. Also includes some projects that have been worked upon and also episodes to embedded system podcast. A generalpurpose macro processor or general purpose preprocessor is a macro processor that is not tied to or integrated with a particular language or piece of. A macro that the macro processor compiles but does not store is called a dummy macro. Then, when you want to include the macro text in your assembly program, you provide the name of the macro.